Contents
xvii
19
Reaping of Bio-Energy from Waste Using Microbial Fuel Cell
Technology
303
Senthilkumar Kandasamy, Naveenkumar Manickam, and Samraj Sadhappa
19.1
Introduction
303
19.1.1
Effects of Industrial Wastes on Environment
304
19.1.1.1
MFC as Energy Source
304
19.1.1.2
Theory of Microbial Fuel Cell
305
19.2
Microbial Fuel Cell Components and Process
306
19.2.1
Mechanism Behind MFC
306
19.2.1.1
Electrode Materials in MFC
308
19.2.1.2
Proton Exchange Membrane
309
19.3
Application of Microbial Fuel Cell to the Social Relevance
309
19.3.1
Electricity Generation
309
19.3.1.1
Bio Hydrogen
310
19.3.2
Wastewater Treatment
310
19.3.3
Biosensor
310
19.4
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
311
References
311
20
Application of Sustainable Micro-Algal Species in the
Production of Bioenergy for Environmental
Sustainability
315
Senthilkumar Kandasamy, Jayabharathi Jayabalan, and Balaji Dhandapani
20.1
Introduction
315
20.1.1
Classification of Biofuels
315
20.1.2
Microalgae and Bioenergy
316
20.2
Cultivation and Processing of Microalgae
317
20.2.1
Cultivation of Microalgae
319
20.2.1.1
Isolation of Cell Cultures
319
20.2.1.2
Single-Cell Isolation
319
20.2.2
Techniques
319
20.2.2.1
Filtration
319
20.2.2.2
Autoclaving
320
20.2.2.3
Dry Heat
320
20.2.2.4
Pasteurization
320
20.2.3
Culture Conditions
320
20.2.3.1
Temperature
320
20.2.3.2
Lighting
321
20.2.3.3
Culture Media
321
20.2.3.4
pH
321
20.2.3.5
Aeration
321